Article,
Worlds apart? Testing the cultural distance hypothesis in music perception of Chinese and Western listeners
Affiliations
- [1] Royal Acad Mus Aarhus Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark [NORA names: The Royal Academy of Music - Aarhus/Aalborg; Artistic Higher Education Institutions; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [2] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Funct Integrat Neurosci, Dept Clin Med, Aarhus, Denmark [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [3] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, CAS Key Lab Behav Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
- [4] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, CAS Key Lab Behav Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
- [5] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
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Abstract
According to the cultural distance hypothesis (CDH), individuals learn culture-specific statistical structures in music as internal stylistic models and use these models in predictive processing of music, with musical structures closer to their home culture being easier to predict. This cultural distance effect may be affected by domain -specific (musical ability) and domain-general individual characteristics (openness, implicit cultural bias). To test the CDH and its modulation by individual characteristics, we recruited Chinese and Western adults to categorize stylistically ambiguous and unambiguous Chinese and Western melodies by cultural origin. Catego-rization performance was better for unambiguous (low CD) than ambiguous melodies (high CD), and for in -culture melodies regardless of ambiguity for both groups, providing evidence for CDH. Musical ability, but not other traits, correlated positively with melody categorization, suggesting that musical ability refines internal stylistic models. Therefore, both cultures show musical enculturation in their home culture with a modulatory effect of individual musical ability.