Article, Data Paper, 2024
The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa's major land uses
SCIENTIFIC DATA, Volume 11, 1, 10.1038/s41597-023-02832-6
Contributors
Clements, Hayley (Corresponding author) [1] [2] Do Linh San, Emmanuel [3] Hempson, Gareth [4] [5] Linden, BirtheAffiliations
- [1] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Lab Interdisciplinary Conservat Sci, Helsinki, Finland [NORA names: Finland; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [2] Stellenbosch Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Transit, Stellenbosch, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [3] Univ Ft Hare, Dept Zool & Entomol, Alice, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [4] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers One Hlth & Vet Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [5] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Anim Plant & Environm Sci, Ctr African Ecol, Johannesburg, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [6] Univ Venda, Biodivers Value & Change, Fac Sci Engn & Agr, Thohoyandou, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [7] Univ Western Cape, Dept Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Bellville, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [8] Univ Eswatini, Biol Sci, Kwaluseni, Eswatini [NORA names: Eswatini; Africa];
- [9] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Environm Studies, Pretoria, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [10] Northwest Univ, Sch Biol Sci, NWU Bot Garden, Potchefstroom, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [11] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [12] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Stockholm, Sweden [NORA names: Sweden; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [13] Rhodes Univ, Dept Bot, Makhanda, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [14] Fynbos Node South African Environm Observat Netwo, Cape Town, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [15] South African Natl Biodivers Inst, Cape Town, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [16] Univ Exeter, Ctr Geog & Environm Sci, Penryn, Cornwall, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [17] Univ Cape Town, Biol Sci, Cape Town, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [18] Off Ivoirien Parcs & Reserves, Soubre, Cote Ivoire [NORA names: Côte d'Ivoire; Africa];
- [19] African Pk, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ [NORA names: Central African Republic; Africa];
- [20] Hirola Conservat Programme, Garissa, Kenya [NORA names: Kenya; Africa];
- [21] Durban Nat Sci Museum, Bird Dept, Durban, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [22] Univ Dev Studies, Dept Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Tamale, Ghana [NORA names: Ghana; Africa];
- [23] Makerere Univ, Dept Environm Management, Kampala, Uganda [NORA names: Uganda; Africa];
- [24] Biodivers Conservat Reptile & Amphibian Program S, Freetown, Sierra Leone [NORA names: Sierra Leone; Africa];
- [25] Natl Museum, Dept Anim & Plant Systemat, Bloemfontein, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [26] Univ Free State, Ctr Environm Management, Bloemfontein, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [27] Univ Kisangani, Biodivers Monitoring Ctr, Aquat Ecol, Kisangani, DEM REP CONGO [NORA names: DR Congo; Africa];
- [28] Univ NanguiI Abrogoua, UFR Sci Nat, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire [NORA names: Côte d'Ivoire; Africa];
- [29] Ctr Natl Rech Sci & Technol CENAREST, Inst Recherches Agron & Forestieres IRAF, Libreville, Gabon [NORA names: Gabon; Africa];
- [30] Harrison Inst, Sevenoaks, Kent, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [31] Univ Greenwich, Agr Hlth & Environm, Nat Resources Inst, Chatham, Maritime, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [32] Univ Botswana, Okavango Res Inst, Maun, Botswana [NORA names: Botswana; Africa];
- [33] Kalahari Res & Conservat, Gaborone, Botswana [NORA names: Botswana; Africa];
- [34] Giraffe Conservat Fdn, Windhoek, Namibia [NORA names: Namibia; Africa];
- [35] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Anthropol, Minneapolis, MN USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [36] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Anthropol, Minneapolis, MN USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [37] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Brno, Czech Republic [NORA names: Czechia; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [38] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Brno, Czech Republic [NORA names: Czechia; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [39] Eastern Africa Primate Divers & Conservat Program, Nanyuki, Kenya [NORA names: Kenya; Africa];
- [40] CIBIO, BIOPOLIS Program Genom Biodivers & Land Planning, Campus Vairao, Vairao, Portugal [NORA names: Portugal; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [41] Vancouver Isl Univ, Biol, Nanaimo, BC, Canada [NORA names: Canada; America, North; OECD];
- [42] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [43] ROC USA, Concord, NH USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [44] Colobus Conservat, Diani, Kenya [NORA names: Kenya; Africa];
- [45] Biodivers Res Inst CSIC UO PA, Mieres, Spain [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [46] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Wildlife & Range Management, Kumasi, Ghana [NORA names: Ghana; Africa];
- [47] Conserve Global, London, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [48] BirdLife South Africa, Conservat Div, Johannesburg, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [49] Field Museum Nat Hist, Gantz Family Collect Ctr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [50] Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, MECADEV, Dept Adaptat Vivant, Batiment Anatomie Comparee, Paris, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [51] Univ Antilles, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Systemat Evolut Biodivers ISYEB, Museum Natl Hist Nat,CNRS,EPHE, Paris, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [52] Univ Antilles, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Systemat Evolut Biodivers ISYEB, Museum Natl Hist Nat,CNRS,EPHE, Paris, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [53] Univ Antilles, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Systemat Evolut Biodivers ISYEB, Museum Natl Hist Nat,CNRS,EPHE, Paris, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [54] Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, MECADEV, Dept Adaptat Vivant, Batiment Anatomie Comparee, Paris, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [55] Univ Abomey Calavi, Lab Appl Ecol, Abomey Calavi, Benin [NORA names: Benin; Africa];
- [56] Royal Zool Soc Scotland, Conservat Programs, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [57] Panthera, New York, NY USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [58] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [59] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, Ctr Funct Biodivers, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [60] Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [61] Univ Namibia, Sch Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Windhoek, Namibia [NORA names: Namibia; Africa];
- [62] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Anthropol Dept, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [63] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Anthropol Dept, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [64] Hazi Fdn, Arcaute, Spain [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [65] Univ Hamburg, Inst Plant Sci & Microbiol, Hamburg, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [66] Univ Appl Sci Western Switzerland, Nat Management, Geneva, Jussy, Switzerland [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [67] Zimbabwe Pk & Wildlife Management Author, Sci Serv, Harare, Zimbabwe [NORA names: Zimbabwe; Africa];
- [68] Univ Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, CNRS, IRD,UPS, Toulouse 9, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [69] Univ Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, CNRS, IRD,UPS, Toulouse 9, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [70] Univ Montpellier, Inst Agro, INRAE, CBGP,IRD,CIRAD, Montpellier, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [71] Ecol Serv Ltd, Flora Fauna & Man, Tortola, British Virgin Isl [NORA names: Virgin Islands (British); America, Central];
- [72] Edinburgh Napier Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [73] Univ Granada, Dept Zool, Granada, Spain [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [74] Natl Museums Kenya, Ctr Biodivers, Nairobi, Kenya [NORA names: Kenya; Africa];
- [75] Wildlife Conservat Solut, Mkuze, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [76] Univ Montpellier, Inst Agro, INRAE, CBGP,IRD,CIRAD, Montpellier, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [77] Univ Montpellier, Inst Agro, INRAE, CBGP,IRD,CIRAD, Montpellier, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [78] Univ Montpellier, Inst Agro, INRAE, CBGP,IRD,CIRAD, Montpellier, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [79] Univ Montpellier, Inst Agro, INRAE, CBGP,IRD,CIRAD, Montpellier, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [80] Univ Calif Riverside, Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [81] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [82] Natl Museum Czech Republ, Dept Zool, Prague, Czech Republic [NORA names: Czechia; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [83] Harvey Ecol, Howick, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [84] Namibia Univ Sci & Technol, Biodivers Res Ctr, Windhoek, Namibia [NORA names: Namibia; Africa];
- [85] Univ Dedougou, Unite Format & Rech Sci Appl & Technol UFR SAT, Dedougou, Burkina Faso [NORA names: Burkina Faso; Africa];
- [86] South African Natl Pk, Conservat Serv, Pretoria, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [87] Org Dev Durable & Biodivers, Cotonou, Benin [NORA names: Benin; Africa];
- [88] LIB Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [89] Univ Jos, AP Leventis Ornithol Res Inst APLORI, Jos, Nigeria [NORA names: Nigeria; Africa];
- [90] Whitman Coll, Biol Dept, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [91] New Brunswick Museum, Dept Nat Hist, St John, NB, Canada [NORA names: Canada; America, North; OECD];
- [92] CIBERESP, CIBER, Madrid, Spain [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [93] CIBERESP, CIBER, Madrid, Spain [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [94] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Evolutionary Biol, Seville, Spain [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [95] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Evolutionary Biol, Seville, Spain [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [96] Univ Felix Houphouet Boigny, Nat Habitats & Biodivers Management, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire [NORA names: Côte d'Ivoire; Africa];
- [97] DS Bukavu, CRSN, LWIRO, Dept Biol, Bukavu, DEM REP CONGO [NORA names: DR Congo; Africa];
- [98] Nat Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania [NORA names: Tanzania; Africa];
- [99] Univ Rwanda, Ctr Excellence Biodivers & Nat Resource Managemen, Huye, Rwanda [NORA names: Rwanda; Africa];
- [100] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Biol, Mbarara, Uganda [NORA names: Uganda; Africa];
- [101] Max Planck Inst Anim Behav, Dept Migrat, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [102] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [103] Karatina Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Karatina, Kenya [NORA names: Kenya; Africa];
- [104] Univ Jean Lorougnon Guede, Lab Biodivers & Ecol Trop, UFR Environm, Daloa, Cote Ivoire [NORA names: Côte d'Ivoire; Africa];
- [105] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Dept Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [106] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Dept Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [107] Aarhus Univ, Dept Ecosci, Aarhus C, Denmark [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [108] Oppenheimer Generat, Res & Conservat, Johannesburg, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [109] Nat Kenya, Species & Sites Program, Nairobi, Kenya [NORA names: Kenya; Africa];
- [110] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [111] Univ York, York Inst Trop Ecosyst, York, N Yorkshire, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [112] Conservat Alpha, Cape Town, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [113] Univ South Africa, Appl Behav Ecol & Ecosyst Res Unit ABEERU, Florida, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [114] Yunnan Univ, Inst Biodivers, Ctr Invas Biol, UMR7179, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
- [115] Univ Calgary, Dept Anthropol & Archaeol, Calgary, AB, Canada [NORA names: Canada; America, North; OECD];
- [116] Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev, Utrecht, Netherlands [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [117] Univ Mpumalanga, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Mbombela, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [118] Nelson Mandela Univ, Ctr African Conservat Ecol, Gqeberha, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [119] Univ Douala, Zool Unit, Lab Biol & Physiol Anim Organisms, Fac Sci, Douala, Cameroon [NORA names: Cameroon; Africa];
- [120] Conflict & Environm Observ, Manchester, Lancs, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [121] Univ Ebolowa, Environm Sci, Ebolowa, Cameroon [NORA names: Cameroon; Africa];
- [122] African Pk, Johannesburg, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [123] Moore Ecol Anal & Management LLC, Gainesville, FL USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [124] Univ Parakou, Lab Ecol Bot & Biol Vegetale, Parakou, Benin [NORA names: Benin; Africa];
- [125] Forestry Res Inst Malawi, Indigenous Woodland Strategy Area, Zomba, Malawi [NORA names: Malawi; Africa];
- [126] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Fac Sci & Technol, Inst Environm Sci, Dakar, Senegal [NORA names: Senegal; Africa];
- [127] Univ Kinshasa, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO [NORA names: DR Congo; Africa];
- [128] Univ Yaounde, Dept Anim Biol & Physiol, Yaounde, Cameroon [NORA names: Cameroon; Africa];
- [129] Ctr Res Ecol & Forestry CREF, Primatol, Bikoro, DEM REP CONGO [NORA names: DR Congo; Africa];
- [130] Univ Warsaw, Fac Biol, Bialowieza Geobot Stn, Bialowieza, Poland [NORA names: Poland; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [131] Texas Tech Univ, Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [132] Texas Tech Univ, Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [133] Small Mammal Conservat Org, Benin, Nigeria [NORA names: Nigeria; Africa];
- [134] Univ Sierra Leone, Dept Biol Sci, Freetown, Sierra Leone [NORA names: Sierra Leone; Africa];
- [135] Nat Uganda, Kampala, Uganda [NORA names: Uganda; Africa];
- [136] Agr Res Council, Rangeland Ecol, Anim Prod Inst, Pretoria, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [137] Frogs & Friends, Berlin, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [138] Univ Freiburg, Wildlife Ecol & Management, Freiburg, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [139] BirdLife Int, KBA Secretariat, Cambridge, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [140] Univ Rostock, Dept Bot, Inst Biosci, Rostock, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [141] North West Prov Govt, Dept Econ Dev Environm Conservat & Tourism, Mahikeng, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [142] Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Dept Conservat & Marine Sci, Cape Town, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [143] Salim Ali Ctr Ornithol & Nat Hist, Div Conservat Ecol, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India [NORA names: India; Asia, South];
- [144] Leibniz Inst Evolut & Biodivers Sci, Museum Nat Kunde, Herpetol, Berlin, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [145] Univ Florence, Dept Biol, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [146] Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool, Cairo, Egypt [NORA names: Egypt; Africa];
- [147] Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool, Cairo, Egypt [NORA names: Egypt; Africa];
- [148] Gesellschaft Int Zusammenarbeit GIZ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [NORA names: Ethiopia; Africa];
- [149] Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol & Nat Resources, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [150] Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol & Nat Resources, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [151] Univ Lyon, Ctr Int Rech Infectiol, Lyon, France [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [152] Cologne Zoo, Cologne, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [153] Univ Washington, Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [154] Univ Washington, Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [155] Endangered Wildlife Trust, Midrand, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [156] Grasslands Forests Wetlands Node South African En, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [157] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [158] Ndlovu Node South African Environm Observat Netwo, Phalaborwa, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [159] Smithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Sustainabil, Gabon Biodivers Program, Gamba, Gabon [NORA names: Gabon; Africa];
- [160] CapeNature, Biodivers Capabil Directorate, Cape Town, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [161] AfricanBats NPC, Centurion, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [162] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, FunMorph Lab, Antwerp, Belgium [NORA names: Belgium; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [163] Arid Lands Node South African Environm Observat N, Kimberley, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [164] SANParks, Richtersveld Natl Pk, Richtersveld Desert Bot Gardens, Sendelingsdrift, South Africa [NORA names: South Africa; Africa];
- [165] Kew, Royal Bot Gardens, Accelerated Taxon, Richmond, Surrey, England [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [166] Tech Univ Munich, Restorat Ecol, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [167] Maasai Mara Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, Narok, Kenya [NORA names: Kenya; Africa];
- [168] Univ Bayreuth, Plant Ecol, Bayreuth, Germany [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [169] Kigelia Solut, Lusaka, Zambia [NORA names: Zambia; Africa];
- [170] Tau Consultants Pty Ltd, Maun, Botswana [NORA names: Botswana; Africa];
- [171] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD]
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Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species' population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate 'intactness scores': the remaining proportion of an 'intact' reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: +/- 5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (+/- 45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region's major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.) and intensities (e.g., large-scale vs smallholder cropland). This dataset was co-produced as part of the Biodiversity Intactness Index for Africa Project. Additional uses include assessing ecosystem condition; rectifying geographic/taxonomic biases in global biodiversity indicators and maps; and informing the Red List of Ecosystems.
Data Provider: Clarivate
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