open access publication

Article, 2024

The NOEMA observations of GN-z11: constraining the neutral interstellar medium and dust formation in the heart of cosmic reionization at z=10.6

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, ISSN 0035-8711, 0035-8711, Volume 530, 1, Pages 340-346, 10.1093/mnras/stae556

Contributors

Fudamoto, Y. (Corresponding author) [1] [2] [3] [4] Oesch, Pascal A. [5] [6] [7] Walter, Fabian [8] Decarli, R. [9] Carilli, C. [10] Ferrara, Andrea [11] Barrufet, L. [7] Bouwens, R. [12] [13] Dessauges-Zavadsky, M. [7] Nelson, Erica [14] [15] Dannerbauer, H. [16] Illingworth, G. [17] [18] Inoue, Akio K. [2] Marques-Chaves, R. [7] Perez-Fournon, I [16] [19] Riechers, D. A. [20] Schaerer, D. [7] Smit, Roelof [21] Sugahara, Y. [2] [3] [4] van der Werf, P. [12] [13]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Chiba Univ, Ctr Frontier Sci, 1-33 Yayoi Cho,Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan
    2. [NORA names: Japan; Asia, East; OECD];
  2. [2] Waseda Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Sch Adv Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, 3-4-1 Okubo,Shinjuku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan
    3. [NORA names: Japan; Asia, East; OECD];
  3. [3] Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
    4. [NORA names: Japan; Asia, East; OECD];
  4. [4] Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
    5. [NORA names: Japan; Asia, East; OECD];
  5. [5] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN, Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
    6. [NORA names: KU University of Copenhagen; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];

Abstract

We present results of dust continuum and [C II] 158 mu m emission line observations of a remarkably UV luminous (M-UV = -21.6) galaxy at z = 10.603: GN-z11. Using the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA), observations have been carried out over multiple observing c ycles. We achieved a high sensitivity resulting in a lambda(rest) = 160 mu m continuum 1 sigma sensitivity of 13.0 mu Jy beam(-1) and a [C II] emission line 1 sigma sensitivity of 31 mJy beam(-1) km s(-1) using 50 km s(-1) binning with a similar to 2 arcsec synthesized beam. Neither dust continuum nor [C II] 158 mu m line emission are detected at the expected frequency of v([C II]) = 163.791 GHz and the sky location of GN-z11. The upper limits show that GN-z11 is neither luminous in LIR nor L-[C II] , with a dust mass 3 sigma limit of log (M-dust/M-circle dot) < 6.5 - 6.9 and with a [C II] based molecular gas mass 3 sigma limit of log (M-mol,M- [C (II])/M-circle dot) < 9.3. Together with radiative transfer calculations, we also investigated the possible cause of the dust poor nature of the GN-z11 showed by the blue colour in the UV continuum of GN-z11 (beta(UV) = -2.4), and found that greater than or similar to 3 x deeper observations are crucial to study dust production at very high-redshift. Nevertheless, our observations show the crucial role of deep mm/submm observations of very high-redshift galaxies to constrain multiple phases in the interstellar medium.

Keywords

(ISM:) dust, extinction, galaxies: ISM, galaxies: formation

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