open access publication

Article, 2024

Noema formIng Cluster survEy (NICE): Discovery of a starbursting galaxy group with a radio-luminous core at z=3.95

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, ISSN 0004-6361, 0004-6361, Volume 684, 10.1051/0004-6361/202348351

Contributors

Zhou, L [1] Wang, T. (Corresponding author) [1] Daddi, E. [2] Coogan, R. [2] Sun, H. [1] Xu, K [1] Arumugam, V. [3] Jin, S. [4] [5] Liu, D. [6] Lu, S. [1] [2] Sillassen, N. [4] [5] Wang, Y. [1] Shi, Y [1] Zhang, Z. [1] Tan, Q. [7] Gu, Q. [1] ElBaz, D [2] Le Bail, A. [2] Magnelli, B. [2] Gomez-Guijarro, C. [2] d'Eugenio, C. [8] [9] Magdis, G. [4] [5] [10] Valentino, F. [11] Ji, Z. [12] Gobat, R. [13] Delvecchio, I. [14] [15] Xiao, M. [16] Strazzullo, V. [17] [18] Finoguenov, A. [19] Schinnerer, E. [6] Rich, R. M. [20] Huang, J [7] Dai, Y. [7] Chen, Y. [1] Gao, F [1] Yang, T. [1] Hao, Q. [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China
    2. [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
  2. [2] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris Saclay, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AIM,CEA,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
    3. [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
  3. [3] IRAM, 300 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France
    4. [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
  4. [4] Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN, Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
    5. [NORA names: KU University of Copenhagen; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  5. [5] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
    6. [NORA names: DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];

Abstract

The study of distant galaxy groups and clusters at the peak epoch of star formation is limited by the lack of a statistically and homogeneously selected and spectroscopically confirmed sample. Recent discoveries of concentrated starburst activities in cluster cores have opened a new window to hunt for these structures based on their integrated IR luminosities. Here, we carry out a large NOEMA (NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array) program targeting a statistical sample of infrared-luminous sources associated with overdensities of massive galaxies at z > 2, the Noema formIng Cluster survEy (NICE). We present the first result from the ongoing NICE survey, a compact group at z = 3.95 in the Lockman Hole field (LH-SBC3), confirmed via four massive (M-star greater than or similar to 10(10.5) M-circle dot) galaxies detected in the CO(4-3) and [CI](1-0) lines. The four CO-detected members of LH-SBC3 are distributed over a 180 kpc physical scale and the entire structure has an estimated halo mass of similar to 10(13) M-circle dot and total star formation rate of similar to 4000 M-circle dot yr(-1). In addition, the most massive galaxy hosts a radio-loud active galactic nucleus with L-1.4 GHz,L- rest = 3.0 x 10(25) W Hz(-1). The discovery of LH-SBC3 demonstrates the feasibility of our method to efficiently identify high-z compact groups or cluster cores undergoing formation. The existence of these starbursting cluster cores up to z similar to 4 provides critical insights into the mass assembly history of the central massive galaxies in clusters.s

Keywords

galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high-redshift, submillimeter: galaxies

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