Article,
Weakening surface hydrogen to enhance permeation in hydrogen selective membranes
Affiliations
- [1] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Surface Phys & Catalysis SURFCAT, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark [NORA names: DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [2] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Empa, Chem Energy Carriers & Vehicle Syst Lab, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [3] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Empa, Chem Energy Carriers & Vehicle Syst Lab, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [4] Univ Zurich, Dept Chem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD]
Abstract
Hydrogen selective metallic membranes made of palladium and its alloys are superior to membranes made of other metallic materials due to their unique surface properties. However, the prohibitive cost of Pd has prevented their widespread application. Although the basic mechanisms are known, the link between hydrogen at the surface and that in the bulk has been missing to explain the prominent position of Pd. To provide the missing link between surface and bulk, we measured the hydrogen concentration and depth distribution on the downstream side of a Pd membrane at realistic permeation conditions (temperature and pressure) using a membrane electron spectroscopy setup. We find hydrogen in the vicinity of the surface with intermediate stability. In general, hydrogen on the surface is more stable and thus more concentrated than in the bulk. Subsurface hydrogen with intermediate stability mitigates the difference between surface and bulk concentration and thereby facilitates overall hydrogen permeation. The observations link the results of UHVcompatible hydrogen adsorption experiments with observations made on hydrogen permeation in membranes under technical conditions. This link enables the application of the wealth of surface science based knowledge to the optimization of hydrogen permeable membrane materials.