Review, Early Access, 2024
Zurich II Statement on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Scientific and Regulatory Needs
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS,
ISSN
2328-8930,
2328-8930,
10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00147
Contributors
DeWitt, Jamie C.
(Corresponding author)
[1]
Gluge, Juliane
[2]
Cousins, Ian T.
[3]
Goldenman, Gretta
[4]
Herzke, Dorte
[5]
[6]
Lohmann, Rainer
[7]
Miller, Mark
[8]
Ng, Carla A.
[9]
Patton, Sharyle
[10]
Trier, Xenia
[11]
Vierke, Lena
[12]
Wang, Zhanyun
[13]
Adu-Kumi, Sam
[14]
Balan, Simona
[15]
Buser, Andreas M.
[16]
Fletcher, Tony
[17]
Haug, Line Smastuen
[6]
Huang, Jun
[18]
Kaserzon, Sarit
[19]
Leonel, Juliana
[20]
Sheriff, Ishmail
[21]
Shi, Ya-Li
[22]
[23]
Valsecchi, Sara
[24]
Scheringer, Martin
[2]
[25]
Affiliations
- [1]
Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[NORA names:
United States; America, North; OECD];
- [2]
Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
[NORA names:
Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [3]
Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[NORA names:
Sweden; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [4]
Milieu Consulting SPRL, B-1060 Brussels, Belgium
[NORA names:
Belgium; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [5]
NILU, N-9296 Tromso, Norway
[NORA names:
Norway; Europe, Non-EU; Nordic; OECD];
(... more)
- [6]
Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Food Safety, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
[NORA names:
Norway; Europe, Non-EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [7]
Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA
[NORA names:
United States; America, North; OECD];
- [8]
US PHS, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA
[NORA names:
United States; America, North; OECD];
- [9]
Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Environm & Occupat Hl, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
[NORA names:
United States; America, North; OECD];
- [10]
Hlth & Environm Program Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 94924 USA
[NORA names:
United States; America, North; OECD];
- [11]
Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Sect Environm Chem & Phys, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
[NORA names:
KU University of Copenhagen;
University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [12]
German Environm Agcy UBA, D-06844 Dessau Rosslau, Germany
[NORA names:
Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [13]
EMPA, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
[NORA names:
Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [14]
EnviroHlth Consulting, GA184, Accra, Ghana
[NORA names:
Ghana; Africa];
- [15]
Calif Dept Tox Subst Control, Safer Consumer Prod Program, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA
[NORA names:
United States; America, North; OECD];
- [16]
Fed Off Environm FOEN, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
[NORA names:
Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [17]
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth Environm & Soc, London WC1H 9SH, England
[NORA names:
United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [18]
Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[NORA names:
China; Asia, East];
- [19]
Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Environm Hlth Sci, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
[NORA names:
Australia; Oceania; OECD];
- [20]
Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Oceanog, BR-40170110 Florianopolis, Brazil
[NORA names:
Brazil; America, South];
- [21]
Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Civil Engn, George Town 14300, Malaysia
[NORA names:
Malaysia; Asia, South];
- [22]
Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China
[NORA names:
China; Asia, East];
- [23]
Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Hangzhou Inst Adv Study, Sch Environm, Hangzhou 310024, Peoples R China
[NORA names:
China; Asia, East];
- [24]
CNR, Water Res Inst, I-20861 Brugherio, Italy
[NORA names:
Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [25]
Masaryk Univ, RECETOX, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
[NORA names:
Czechia; Europe, EU; OECD]
(less)
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of synthetic organic chemicals of global concern. A group of 36 scientists and regulators from 18 countries held a hybrid workshop in 2022 in Zurich, Switzerland. The workshop, a sequel to a previous Zurich workshop held in 2017, deliberated on progress in the last five years and discussed further needs for cooperative scientific research and regulatory action on PFASs. This review reflects discussion and insights gained during and after this workshop and summarizes key signs of progress in science and policy, ongoing critical issues to be addressed, and possible ways forward. Some key take home messages include: 1) understanding of human health effects continues to develop dramatically, 2) regulatory guidelines continue to drop, 3) better understanding of emissions and contamination levels is needed in more parts of the world, 4) analytical methods, while improving, still only cover around 50 PFASs, and 5) discussions of how to group PFASs for regulation (including subgroupings) have gathered momentum with several jurisdictions proposing restricting a large proportion of PFAS uses. It was concluded that more multi-group exchanges are needed in the future and that there should be a greater diversity of participants at future workshops.
Keywords
PFASs,
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances,
Zurich Statement,
bilateralworkshops,
international cooperation,
persistence
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